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The Stereotypic Response of the Pulmonary Vasculature to Respiratory Viral Infections: Findings in Mouse Models of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A and Gammaherpesvirus Infections. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The respiratory system is primarily affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to COVID-19 and severe complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that contribute to high mortality rates.
  • The study investigated lung vascular responses in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses to understand specific changes in pulmonary blood vessels, particularly regarding endothelial damage.
  • Results showed similar immune cell recruitment and transcriptional responses in lung vessels across all viruses, with no endothelial cell infection detected, suggesting a generalized response to lung injury that could influence future treatments for respiratory diseases in humans.

Article Abstract

The respiratory system is the main target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) where acute respiratory distress syndrome is considered the leading cause of death. Changes in pulmonary blood vessels, among which an endothelialitis/endotheliitis has been particularly emphasized, have been suggested to play a central role in the development of acute lung injury. Similar vascular changes are also observed in animal models of COVID-19. The present study aimed to determine whether the latter are specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection, investigating the vascular response in the lungs of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses (influenza A and murine gammaherpesvirus) by in situ approaches (histology, immunohistology, morphometry) combined with RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Non-selective recruitment of monocytes and T and B cells from larger muscular veins and arteries was observed with all viruses, matched by a comparable transcriptional response. There was no evidence of endothelial cell infection in any of the models. Both the morphological investigation and the transcriptomics approach support the interpretation that the lung vasculature in mice mounts a stereotypic response to alveolar and respiratory epithelial damage. This may have implications for the treatment and management of respiratory disease in humans.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458810PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081637DOI Listing

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