AI Article Synopsis
- Melanoma is a type of skin cancer linked to ultraviolet radiation, has a high mortality rate, and its progression to brain metastases severely impacts patient prognosis.
- Up to 50% of metastatic melanoma cases contain a BRAF mutation, aiding in the cancer's survival and development in the brain.
- Current research is focused on improving treatment outcomes through immunotherapy and targeted therapies, with ongoing studies summarizing the effectiveness of these new systemic treatments for brain metastases.
Article Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which there is a strong correlation between its occurrence and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Although it is not the most common skin cancer, it has the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The prognosis of patients is significantly worsened by melanoma metastasis to the brain, which often occurs in patients with advanced disease. The formation and development of melanoma metastases to the brain involve a very complex process, and their mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the ways for metastatic melanoma cells to survive and develop cancer in the brain environment is the presence of oncogenic BRAF mutation, which occurs in up to 50% of metastatic melanoma cases. Before discovering new methods of treating metastases, the overall survival of patients with this disease was 6 months. Currently, research is being conducted on new drugs using immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) and targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) to improve the prognosis of patients. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the results of treating brain metastases with new systemic therapies.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10452790 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164088 | DOI Listing |
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