Higher brain dysfunction commonly occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and may manifest in a social behavioral impairment which can significantly impede active social participation. We report two cases, one of voyeurism and the second of alcohol abuse, which might have been caused by TBI resulting in disinhibition, a type of social behavioral impairment. We discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to raise awareness of such cases and aid the development of effective interventions. Patient 1 suffered a TBI at 18 years of age, 2 years after which he presented repeated episodes of sexually deviant behavior (voyeurism). At 28, he committed suicide, since he was unable to control his aberrant behavior. Patient 2 suffered a TBI at the age of 13. He first displayed problematic behavior 7 years later, which included drinking excessive amounts of alcohol and stealing while inebriated. Despite both patients having sound moral judgment, they had irrational and uncontrollable impulses of desire. Imaging findings could explain the possible causes of impulse control impairments. Damage to the basal ganglia and limbic system, which are involved in social behavior, presumably led to desire-dominated behavior, leading to the patients conducting unlawful acts despite intact moral judgment. It is crucial to educate society about the prevalence of these disorders, explain how these disinhibitions start, and develop effective interventions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13081227 | DOI Listing |
Stroke
January 2025
Neurology, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, UNITED STATES.
To study the risk of incident dementia after a non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in a diverse US population, and evaluate if this risk is different for the subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage. We performed a retrospective cohort study using both inpatient and outpatient claims data on Medicare beneficiaries between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. The exposure was a new diagnosis of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, defined as a composite of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and subdural hemorrhage (SDH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj
January 2025
School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In response to injury within the central nervous system, GABA promotes cortical plasticity and represents a potential pharmacological target to improve functional recovery. However, it is unclear how GABA changes in the brain after traumatic brachial plexus injuries (tBPIs) which represents the rationale for this pilot study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
January 2025
Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
Objective: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), a common complication in traumatic brain injuries (TBI), can lead to optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) enlargement and flow spectrum changes from the internal carotid artery (ICA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA). This study will investigate the use of Cervical-Cerebral Arterial Ultrasound (CCAU) for non-invasive ICP assessment and evaluating the related indices' clinical utility in TBI patients with decompressive craniotomy (DC).
Methods: ONSD and flow spectrum changes were measured within 24 h after DC in 106 patients via ultrasonic ONSD measurement and CCAU, simultaneously.
Neurotrauma Rep
January 2025
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Adolescents who have sustained a concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are prone to repeat injuries which may be related to subtle motor deficits persisting after clinical recovery. Cross-sectional research has found that these deficits are associated with altered functional connectivity among somatomotor, dorsal attention, and default mode networks. However, our understanding of how these brain-behavior relationships change over time after clinical recovery is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotrauma Rep
January 2025
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.
Exercise to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a novel approach that has only become recognized in the past decade. High-intensity gait training (HIGT) has been studied in subjects following stroke; however, little research investigates similar protocols on patients with TBI. The study evaluated HIGT as an intervention for enhancing patient recovery after TBI.
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