Typhoid and emerging paratyphoid fever are a severe enteric disease worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Licensed typhoid vaccines are in the market, but no paratyphoid vaccine is currently available. In the present study we developed a bivalent vaccine against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A using a bacterial ghost platform. Bacterial ghost cells (BGs) are bacteria-derived cell membranes without cytoplasmic contents that retain their cellular morphology, including all cell surface features. Furthermore, BGs have inherent adjuvant properties that promote an enhanced humoral and cellular immune reaction to the target antigen. Sodium hydroxide was used to prepare ghost cells of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A. The bacterial ghost cells were characterised using electron microscopy. Then BALB/c mice were immunized three times (0, 14 and 28 day) with the bivalent typhoidal bacterial ghost cells. Haematological study of adult mice throughout immunization period reflected that the immunogen was safe to administer and does not affect the animals' health. After complete immunization, we found significant serum antibody titter against whole cell lysate, outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide of both bacteria, and cell-mediated immunity was observed in an ex-vivo experiment. CD4+, CD8a+ and CD19+ splenic cell populations were increased in immunized animals. Bivalent Typhoidal ghost cell immunized mice showed better survival, less bacterial colonization in systemic organs, and less inflammation and/or destruction of tissue in histopathological analysis than non-immunized control mice.Serum antibodies of immunized animals can significantly inhibit bacterial motility and mucin penetration ability with better killing properties against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A. Furthermore, significant passive protection was observed through the adoptive transfer of serum antibody and lymphocytes of immunized animals to naïve animals after bacterial infection. In summary, Bivalent Typhoidal Bacterial Ghost cells (BTBGs) enhances immunogenic properties and serves as a safe and effective prevention strategy against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.049 | DOI Listing |
Biochimie
December 2024
Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Kingella kingae, an emerging pediatric pathogen, secretes the pore-forming toxin RtxA, which has been implicated in the development of various invasive infections. RtxA is synthesized as a protoxin (proRtxA), which gains its biological activity by fatty acylation of two lysine residues (K558 and K689) by the acyltransferase RtxC. The low acylation level of RtxA at K558 (2-23%) suggests that the complete acylation at K689 is crucial for toxin activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncol Res
December 2024
Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, 123, Oman.
Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision, effectiveness, and safety, improving patient outcomes and personalized care. Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells, precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and sparing normal cells. These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation, and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pharmacother
January 2025
Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia.
Cancer is a devastating disease worldwide with high mortality rates and is a foremost concern for society. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating cancer, harnessing the power of immune system to recognize and kill tumor cells. Bacterial ghosts (BGs), a novel platform in cancer vaccination, are suitable for personalized and effective immunotherapeutic interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Deliv
December 2024
Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
Introduction: Bacteria and their derivatives show great potential as drug delivery systems due to their unique chemotaxis, biocompatibility, and targeting abilities. In CNS disease treatment, bacterial carriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs precisely, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology have transformed these systems into multifunctional platforms for personalized CNS treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Pathog
December 2024
Medical College, Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China. Electronic address:
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a prominent nosocomial pathogen, posing a significant threat to public health. Urgent efforts are required to develop a safe and effective vaccine.
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