In the course of diffusion, water molecules experience varying values for the relaxation-time property of the underlying tissue, a factor that has not been accounted for in diffusion MRI (dMRI) modeling. Accordingly, we derive a relationship between the diffusion profile measured by dMRI and the spatial gradient of the image, and subsequently estimate the latter from the former. We test our hypothesized relationship via dMRI of the human brain (a public image and an acquired stimulated-echo image), showing statistically significant results that may be due to our model and/or the confounding factor of "fiber continuity".
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Mol Ecol
January 2025
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Identifying populations at highest risk from climate change is a critical component of conservation efforts. However, vulnerability assessments are usually applied at the species level, even though intraspecific variation in exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity play a crucial role in determining vulnerability. Genomic data can inform intraspecific vulnerability by identifying signatures of local adaptation that reflect population-level variation in sensitivity and adaptive capacity.
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January 2025
Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Spatial changes in benthic community structure have been observed across natural gradients in deep-sea ecosystems, but these patterns remain under-sampled on seamounts. Here, we identify the spatial composition and distribution of coral and sponge taxa on four sides of a single central Pacific equatorial "model" seamount within the US EEZ surrounding the Howland and Baker unit of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument. This seamount rises from 5,000 + m to mesophotic depths of 196 m, and is influenced by the Equatorial Undercurrent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Genetic information is involved in the gradual emergence of cortical areas since the neural tube begins to form, shaping the heterogeneous functions of neural circuits in the human brain. Informed by invasive tract-tracing measurements, the cortex exhibits marked interareal variation in connectivity profiles, revealing the heterogeneity across cortical areas. However, it remains unclear about the organizing principles possibly shared by genetics and cortical wiring to manifest the spatial heterogeneity across cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Med Imaging Graph
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address:
In clinical optical molecular imaging, the need for real-time high frame rates and low excitation doses to ensure patient safety inherently increases susceptibility to detection noise. Faced with the challenge of image degradation caused by severe noise, image denoising is essential for mitigating the trade-off between acquisition cost and image quality. However, prevailing deep learning methods exhibit uncontrollable and suboptimal performance with limited interpretability, primarily due to neglecting underlying physical model and frequency information.
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January 2025
Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, r/ Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal.
Populations of large pelagic sharks are declining worldwide due to overfishing. Determining the overlap between shark populations and fishing activities is important to inform conservation measures. However, for many threatened sharks the whereabouts of particularly vulnerable life-history stages - such as pregnant females and juveniles - are poorly known.
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