A new tuberculosis vaccine is a high priority. However, the classical development pathway is a major deterrent. Most tuberculosis cases arise within 2 years after Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure, suggesting a 3-year trial period should be possible if sample size is large to maximize the number of early exposures. Increased sample size could be facilitated by working alongside optimized routine services for case ascertainment, with strategies for enhanced case detection and safety monitoring. Shortening enrolment could be achieved by simplifying screening criteria and procedures and strengthening site capacity. Together, these measures could enable radically shortened phase 3 tuberculosis vaccine trials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad356 | DOI Listing |
Front Immunol
January 2025
Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infectious disease worldwide and novel vaccines are urgently needed. HLA-E is a virtually monomorphic antigen presentation molecule and is not downregulated upon HIV co-infection. HLA-E restricted specific CD8 T cells are present in the circulation of individuals with active TB (aTB) and infection (TBI) with or without HIV co-infection, making HLA-E restricted T cells interesting vaccination targets for TB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
January 2025
School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) are important pathogens that can cause lung diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm Surg
January 2025
Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA.
Today's controversies of gain-of-function virological research and mRNA COVID vaccination policies had an antecedent nearly a century ago in an event often referred to as "the Lübeck disaster." From April through September 1930, 77 newborn infants in Lübeck, Germany, died after receiving oral BCG immunizations tainted with active human . The tragedy threatened to end BCG immunizations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue due to the limited efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, highlighting the need for the development of an improved TB vaccine. In this study, we created a novel TB subunit vaccine consisting of TB-secreted chorismate mutase (TBCM) (Rv1885c) and a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide (Poly6), which elicits Type I interferon responses, both with and without an alum adjuvant. We evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine candidate in an in vivo mouse model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Pulmonol
January 2025
Department of Child Health School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Tuberculosis (TB) in childhood presents a substantial global burden with nearly two million episodes of disease in children and adolescents annually. The majority of children who die from TB never receive appropriate treatment. Advancements in childhood TB treatments have been slow and there are many challenges with TB treatment in children.
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