Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) infections are recurrently reported in different parts of India in the last two decades. However, an up-to-date, countrywide information concerning the prevalence and the rate of VRE in India is limited and hence this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of VRE in India.
Methods: A literature search was performed using various databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed throughout. Cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of VRE in India from human samples whereby at least two Enterococci were isolated between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022 were sought for inclusion. Data were extracted and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 4, respectively.
Results: Nineteen studies were included in the analyses. A collective total of 3683 Enterococci isolates were examined, of which 368 were VRE strains. The pooled prevalence of VRE in India was calculated at 12.4% (95% CI: 8.6-17.5; Q = 189.69; I = 90.51%; p = < 0.001). E. faecalis was the most frequently isolated species (1450 [39.37%]) followed by E. faecium (724 [19.66%]). Amongst the VRE strains, E. faecium was the most prevalent (214 [58.15%]) followed by E. faecalis (134 [36.41%]). An upsurge in the rate of VRE infections was observed in India over time: VRE prevalence was estimated at 4.8% between 2000 and 2010 and 14.1% between 2011 and 2020.
Conclusion: This study presents the most up-to-date information on the rate of VRE infections in India. Though lower than the findings for some less developed countries, VRE prevalence in India is notable and on the rise.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-023-01287-z | DOI Listing |
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