Cryptorchidism Review for the Primary Care Provider.

Cryptorchidism, or undescended testes, is the most common disorder of the genitals seen at birth. Due to its high prevalence and short- and long-term sequelae, it is crucial that primary care providers are familiar with the appropriate management of cryptorchidism. This paper serves to review the embryology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of cryptorchidism with the goal of serving as a valuable reference for providers managing pediatric and neonatal urological issues in the primary care setting, using the American Urological Association's most recent guidelines on the subject. Importantly, it also serves as a review of the long-term consequences of cryptorchidism (even after repair) and reinforces the need for continued surveillance for complications throughout a patient's life.