AI Article Synopsis
- Methionine from dietary proteins is essential for maintaining cellular function and regenerating sulfur pathways that produce inorganic sulfur species (ISS) and organic sulfur compounds (OSC).
- Recent research highlights the importance of ISS, like hydrogen sulfide and sulfate, in the interaction between human health and the gut microbiome, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being significant producers of these sulfur compounds.
- The review will explore how sulfur affects biological pathways, the differences between sulfurylation and phosphorylation in protein modifications, and the gut microbiome's role in sulfur metabolism.
Article Abstract
In humans, methionine derived from dietary proteins is necessary for cellular homeostasis and regeneration of sulfur containing pathways, which produce inorganic sulfur species (ISS) along with essential organic sulfur compounds (OSC). In recent years, inorganic sulfur species have gained attention as key players in the crosstalk of human health and the gut microbiome. Endogenously, ISS includes hydrogen sulfide (HS), sulfite (SO), thiosulfate (SO), and sulfate (SO), which are produced by enzymes in the transsulfuration and sulfur oxidation pathways. Additionally, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the gut lumen are notable HS producers which can contribute to the ISS pools of the human host. In this review, we will focus on the systemic effects of sulfur in biological pathways, describe the contrasting mechanisms of sulfurylation versus phosphorylation on the hydroxyl of serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of proteins in post-translational modifications, and the role of the gut microbiome in human sulfur metabolism.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439400 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101529 | DOI Listing |
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