Disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mediated autophagosomal biogenesis in a model of C9-ALS-FTD.

3R: UAS construct expressing 3 GC repeats (used as control); 3WJ: three-way junction; 12R: UAS construct expressing leader sequence and 12 GC repeats; 30R: UAS construct expressing 30 GC repeats; 36R: UAS construct expressing 36 GC repeats; 44R: UAS construct expressing leader sequence and 44 GC repeats; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Atg: autophagy related; atl: atlastin; C9-ALS-FTD: ALS or FTD caused by hexanuleotide repeat expansion in ; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; HRE: GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; Lamp1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MT: microtubule; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; Rab: Ras-associated binding GTPase; RAN: repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation; RO-36: UAS construct expression "RNA-only" version of 36 GC repeats in which stop codons in all six reading frames are inserted.; Rtnl1: Reticulon-like 1; SN: segmental nerve; TFEB/Mitf: transcription factor EB/microphthalmia associated transcription factor ( ortholog of TFEB); TrpA1: transient receptor potential cation channel A1; VAPB: VAMP associated protein B and C; VNC: ventral nerve cord (spinal cord in larvae).