Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a UV filter that is ubiquitously present in the environment due to its photostability and degradation resistance and has wide applications in personal care products. BP-3 will eventually be discharged into the ocean. Studies shows BP-3 interferes with endocrine system of aquatic organisms, especially fish. However, the toxicity and mechanisms of subacute exposure of the coral reef fish to BP-3 remain elusive. Here, we exposed the one-month-old clown anemonefish to BP-3 at 1 and 10 μg/L for 14 and 28 days, respectively. After chronic exposure, the effects of BP-3 on the growth of clown anemonefish were investigated in terms of growth-related hormones, immune enzyme activity, digestive enzyme activity, transcriptional profiling of feeding- and obesity-related genes and digital RNA sequencing. The body weight in the BP-3 groups were abnormally increased (1 μg/L group in 14 days treatment and all groups in 28 days treatment), altered insulin content (28 days exposure), immune-related and digestive-related enzymatic activities. At the molecular level, BP-3 interferes with the expression of feeding- and obesity-related genes. Digital RNA sequencing analysis showed that BP-3 interferes with Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways related to growth, social behavior (learning behavior), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and insulin secretion. Notably, in the insulin secretion, BP-3 induced Ca up-regulation that may damage β cells. Growth abnormalities and social behavior (learning behavior) KEGG pathway disturbances may have potential impacts on populations of clown anemonefish. Our results reveal the toxicological effects of subacute exposure to BP-3, and provides insight into the effects and mechanisms of BP-3 on clown anemonefish growth.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166308 | DOI Listing |
Sci Total Environ
December 2023
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China. Electronic address:
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a UV filter that is ubiquitously present in the environment due to its photostability and degradation resistance and has wide applications in personal care products. BP-3 will eventually be discharged into the ocean. Studies shows BP-3 interferes with endocrine system of aquatic organisms, especially fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraz J Biol
August 2023
Burapha University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chonburi, Thailand.
The false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) is a protandrous hermaphrodite with a distinctive reproductive behavior. This study elucidates the genetic mechanisms and timing of sex changes in captive-bred A. ocellaris by examining the expression of key genes involved in this process, specifically cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
January 2023
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China. Electronic address:
A major goal of marine ecology is to identify the drivers of variation in larval dispersal. Larval traits are emerging as an important potential source of variation in dispersal outcomes, but little is known about how the evolution of these traits might shape dispersal patterns. Here, we consider the potential for adaptive evolution in two possibly dispersal-related traits by quantifying the heritability of larval size and swimming speed in the clown anemonefish ().
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
July 2022
Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Vertebrate growth can be phenotypically plastic in response to predator-prey and competitive interactions. It is unknown however, if it can be plastic in response to mutualistic interactions. Here we investigate plasticity of vertebrate growth in response to variation in mutualistic interactions, using clown anemonefish and their anemone hosts.
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