Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is considered an attractive substrate material for fabricating wearable skin sensors such as fitness bands and microfluidic devices. Despite its widespread use, inflammatory and allergic responses have been attributed to the use of this material. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of potential biological effects triggered by PMMA at non-cytotoxic concentrations using in vitro models of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and reconstructed human epidermis (RhE). It was hypothesized that concentrations that do not reduce cell viability are sufficient to activate pathways of inflammatory processes in the skin. The study included cytotoxicity, cell metabolism, cytokine quantification, histopathological, and gene expression analyses. The NIH3T3 cell line was used as a testbed for screening cell toxicity levels associated with the concentration of PMMA with different molecular weights (MWs) (i.e., MW ~5,000 and ~15,000 g/mol). The lower MW of PMMA had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ) value of 5.7 mg/cm , indicating greater detrimental effects than the higher MW (IC = 14.0 mg/cm ). Non-cytotoxic concentrations of 3.0 mg/cm for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 mg/cm for MW ~5,000 g/mol) induced negative metabolic changes in NIH3T3 cells. Cell viability was severely reduced to 7% after the exposure to degradation by-products generated after thermal and photodegradation degradation of PMMA. PMMA at non-cytotoxic concentrations still induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (IL1B, CXCL10, CCL5, IL1R1, IL7, IL17A, VEGFA, FGF2, IFNG, IL15) on the RhE model. The inflammatory response was also supported by histopathological and gene expression analyses of PMMA-treated RhE, indicating tissue damage and gene overexpression. Results suggested that non-cytotoxic concentrations of PMMA (3.0 to 5.6 mg/cm for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 to 2.1 mg/cm for MW ~5,000 g/mol) were sufficient to negatively alter NIH3T3 cells metabolism and activate inflammatory events in the RhE skin.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37591 | DOI Listing |
Acta Parasitol
January 2025
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
Phytochemistry
January 2025
School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. Electronic address:
Fifteen sesquiterpenoids, including five previously undescribed monomers with oxidative rearranged skeletons (sarglabenoids A-E, 1-5) and three previously unreported lindenane [2+2] dimers (sarglabenoids F-H, 6-8), alongside seven related precursors (9-15), were isolated from the root of Sarcandra glabra. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a combination of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the circular dichroism exciton chirality method, electronic circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance calculations integrated with DP4+ analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 feature an unique 5/5 spiro ring system, which is likely derived from a pinacol rearrangement of precursor 14.
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January 2025
Laboratory of Virology and Cellular Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil.
Background: , a notable plant species, has garnered interest for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral effects. A vaccine for Chikungunia virus is still under evaluation and no specific antiviral drug has been licensed to date.
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Biol Trace Elem Res
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Fluoride is emitted into the air not only through gas emissions but also from volcanic ash, leading to contact via inhalation. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cellular and biochemical responses in the A549 cell line after exposure to NaF (sodium fluoride) concentrations lower than those previously used in other studies to determine the impact on the lung epithelium. A549 cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Res Perspect
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Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) present with unique physicochemical features and potential for functionalization as anticancer agents. Three-dimensional spheroid models can be used to afford greater tissue representation due to their heterogeneous phenotype and complex molecular architecture. This study developed an A549 alveolar carcinoma spheroid model for cytotoxicity assessment and mechanistic evaluation of functionalized AuNPs.
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