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Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a global health crisis, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where high human immune virus (HIV) prevalence exacerbates the problem. The co-infection of TB and HIV creates a deadly combination, increasing susceptibility and complicating disease progression and treatment. Ethiopia, classified as a high-burden country, faces significant challenges despite efforts to reduce co-infection rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhylogenomic insights into the taxonomy, ecology, and mating systems of the lorchel family Discinaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota).
Mol Phylogenet Evol
January 2025
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and University of Michigan Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Lorchels, also known as false morels (Gyromitra sensu lato), are iconic due to their brain-shaped mushrooms and production of gyromitrin, a deadly mycotoxin. Molecular phylogenetic studies have hitherto failed to resolve deep-branching relationships in the lorchel family, Discinaceae, hampering our ability to settle longstanding taxonomic debates and to reconstruct the evolution of toxin production. We generated 75 draft genomes from cultures and ascomata (some collected as early as 1960), conducted phylogenomic analyses using 1542 single-copy orthologs to infer the early evolutionary history of lorchels, and identified genomic signatures of trophic mode and mating-type loci to better understand lorchel ecology and reproductive biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Once an incurable deadly disease of urgent public health concern, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has now evolved into a chronic condition largely manageable with combination therapy as the treatment standard. In comparison, Alzheimer disease (AD) is a fatal illness that continues to pose epidemiologic and socioeconomic challenges not only to persons and families affected by it but also to the healthcare system as a whole. With the recent approval of multi-targeted therapies in AD and numerous clinical trials in the pipeline, there is an urgency to search for ways to best maximize their efficacy and utility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoosting skin cancer diagnosis accuracy with ensemble approach.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Information and Electronic Engineering and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Intelligent Computing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, No. 318, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Skin cancer is common and deadly, hence a correct diagnosis at an early age is essential. Effective therapy depends on precise classification of the several skin cancer forms, each with special traits. Because dermoscopy and other sophisticated imaging methods produce detailed lesion images, early detection has been enhanced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate colorectal cancer detection using a random hinge exponential distribution coupled attention network on pathological images.
Abdom Radiol (NY)
January 2025
Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer worldwide, necessitating accurate and early detection to improve treatment outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods often rely on manual examination of pathological images, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. This study presents an advanced approach for colorectal cancer detection using a Random Hinge Exponential Distribution coupled Attention Network (RHED-CANet) on pathological images.
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