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The metabolic effects of resumption of a high fat diet after weight loss are sex dependent in mice. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Dietary restriction is commonly used for weight loss, but many struggle to maintain it, often leading to regaining more weight than lost; less is known about how healthy diets affect responses to returning to unhealthy eating.
  • In a study with mice, both male and female subjects gained weight on a high-fat diet, but their weight loss and regain patterns were influenced by sex, with males showing more significant changes.
  • The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appears to play a role in glucose metabolism linked to these dietary changes, particularly in males, suggesting sex-specific differences in metabolic responses.

Article Abstract

Dietary restriction is a frequent strategy for weight loss, but adherence is difficult and returning to poor dietary habits can result in more weight gain than that previously lost. How weight loss due to unrestricted intake of a healthy diet affects the response to resumption of poor dietary habits is less studied. Moreover, whether this response differs between the sexes and if the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, sex dependent and involved in metabolic control, participates is unknown. Mice received rodent chow (6% Kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 62% Kcal from fat) for 4 months, chow for 3 months plus 1 month of HFD, or HFD for 2 months, chow for 1 month then HFD for 1 month. Males and females gained weight on HFD and lost weight when returned to chow at different rates (p < 0.001), but weight gain after resumption of HFD intake was not affected by previous weight loss in either sex. Glucose metabolism was more affected by HFD, as well as the re-exposure to HFD after weight loss, in males. This was associated with increases in hypothalamic mRNA levels of IGF2 (p < 0.01) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 2 (p < 0.05), factors involved in glucose metabolism, again only in males. Likewise, IGF2 increased IGFBP2 mRNA levels only in hypothalamic astrocytes from males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the metabolic responses to dietary changes were less severe and more delayed in females and the IGF system might be involved in some of the sex specific observations.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10425431PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40514-wDOI Listing

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