Long-range olfactory search is an extremely difficult task in view of the sparsity of odor signals that are available to the searcher and the complex encoding of the information about the source location. Current algorithmic approaches typically require a continuous memory space, sometimes of large dimensionality, which may hamper their optimization and often obscure their interpretation. Here, we show how finite-state controllers with a small set of discrete memory states are expressive enough to display rich, time-extended behavioral modules that resemble the ones observed in living organisms. Finite-state controllers optimized for olfactory search have an immediate interpretation in terms of approximate clocks and coarse-grained spatial maps, suggesting connections with neural models of search behavior.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304230120 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
STEM Neurology & Neuropsychological0 Research Group Egypt (SNRGE), Port Said, Port Said, Egypt.
Background: The olfactory mucosa cells are capable of lifelong neurogenesis providing a viable source of progenitor cells. Olfactory mucosa progenitor cells (OMPCs) have alleviated several cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage markers. OMPCs are safely obtainable from the upper nasal cavity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Biobehav Rev
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
A hallmark event in neurodegenerative diseases is represented by the misfolding, aggregation and accumulation of proteins, leading to cellular and network dysfunction preceding the development of clinical symptoms by years. Early diagnosis represents a crucial issue in the field of neuroscience as it offers the potential to utilize this therapeutic window in the future to manage disease-modifying therapy. Seed amplification assays, including Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) and Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA), have emerged in recent years as innovative techniques developed to detect minute amounts of amyloidogenic proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Diabetes Res
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment (CI) have been associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the mechanisms underlying this association are broadly unknown. This systematic review tends to investigate the relationship between the onset of olfactory dysfunction and CI in patients with T2DM and to explore the potential role of olfactory dysfunction as an early diagnosis biomarker of CI. We conducted a systematic review consulting PubMed and Scopus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
Technology Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China.
This article proposes a novel approach for improving the efficiency of fragrance designing and the accuracy of automatic fragrance formula creation based on empirical fragrance formulas and graph traversal algorithms. By effectively extracting the composition information and further analyzing the combination of fragrance materials in 210 fragrance formulas, a relational network model was constructed in the form of a graph to illustrate the relationship between the ingredients used in the formulas. Additionally, a fragrance ingredients information database of 344 common ingredients was constructed and used as a reference for perfumers when setting algorithmic constraints based on their experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU.
Smell and taste sensations have been linked to positive outcomes in the feeding of premature infants, though the impact on the time required to transition to oral feeding remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of smell and taste interventions on clinical outcomes in preterm infants. We conducted a search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through September 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of smell and taste on clinical outcomes in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks.
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