This review uncovers the intricate relationship between presenilins, calcium, and mitochondria in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a particular focus on the involvement of presenilin mutations in mitochondrial dysfunction. So far, it is unclear whether the impairment of mitochondrial function arises primarily from damage inflicted by -amyloid upon mitochondria or from the disruption of calcium homeostasis due to presenilins dysfunctions. The roles of presenilins in mitophagy, autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and many other functions, non--secretase related, also require close attention in future research. Resolution of contradictions in understanding of presenilins cellular functions are needed for new effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1249815 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 (p-tau231) is a promising novel biomarker of emerging Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We aimed to characterize cross-sectional and longitudinal plasma p-tau231 measurements and estimated ages of biomarker onset in an exceptionally large number of presenilin (PSEN1) E280A (Glu280Ala) mutation carriers and age-matched non-carriers from the Colombian autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred.
Method: We included a cohort of 722 PSEN1 E280A mutation carriers (mean age 36.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: [F]FDG PET is essential since it allows us to differentiate between different dementia disorders/types, revealing distinct neurodegenerative patterns in those predisposed to the condition. Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD) have a predictable age of onset, enabling the study of cognitive and pathological changes before clinical manifestation. Our objective was to investigate temporal course and regional links between cognition and glucose metabolism as a measure of early synaptic impairment in ADAD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Clinical and preclinical evidence suggest that abnormal electrical activity strongly impacts outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, AD patients with interictal spikes (IIS) show faster cognitive decline than those without IIS. Furthermore, seizures in patients with AD have been suggested to accelerate disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Specific PSEN1 mutations cause early-onset AD but their effects on blood biomarker levels are unknown. We evaluated autopsy-confirmed individuals affected by six different PSEN1 mutations; two of known (L381V, C410Y) and three (A426P/E318G, M233L, and V261I) of unknown pathogenic status. The sixth patient had Autosomal Dominant AD (ADAD) not yet genotyped.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background: Studies of aging in non-human primates are important to elucidate primate-specific mechanisms underlying human aging, including pathological trajectories like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence of AD-like brain aging has been reported across the primate order including amyloid beta (AB) deposits, but blood-based biomarkers are less well-studied. The goal of this project was to explore the use of validated assays for plasma biomarkers in two new non-human primate species: coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) and brown capuchins (Sapajus apella).
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