Brazilian XP-E siblings carrying a novel DDB2 variant developed early-onset melanoma: a case report.

Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum group E (XP-E) is one of the least common forms of XP, a rare syndrome where patients are prone to develop skin cancer in exposed sunlight areas. XP-E patients are generally not diagnosed until they are adults due to the mild phenotype.

Case Presentation: two XP-E siblings, female, 23 years, and male, 25 years, from a Brazilian consanguineous family carrying the novel missense pathogenic variant in DDB2 gene, NM_000107.3:c.1027G > C, associated with skin cancer early-onset and severe phenotype, as nodular melanoma in the cornea and in the ear.

Conclusion: The assessment of genomic variant pathogenicity was a challenge since this family belongs to an underrepresented population in genomic databases. Given the scarcity of literature documenting XP-E cases and the challenges encountered in achieving an early diagnosis, this report emphasizes the imperative of sun protection measures in XP-E patients. Additionally, it highlights the detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnosis, leading to the manifestation of a severe phenotype in affected individuals.