AI Article Synopsis
- Topographic maps are made up of pixels with coordinates that represent height fluctuations from multiple measurements at specific locations.
- The height fluctuations are linked to local surface gradients, showing a relationship where areas with more significant surface changes exhibit higher fluctuations.
- The nature of different surface textures, such as turned or sandblasted, influences these fluctuations, which can indicate the surface's functionality or integrity.
Article Abstract
Topographic maps are composed of pixels associated with coordinates (, , ) on a surface. Each pixel location (, ) is linked with fluctuations in a measured height sample (). Fluctuations here are uncertainties in heights estimated from multiple topographic measurements at the same position. Height samples () are measured at individual locations (, ) in topographic measurements and compared with gradients on topographies. Here, gradients are slopes on a surface calculated at the scale of the sampling interval from inclination angles of vectors that are normal to triangular facets formed by adjacent height samples ( = (, )). Similarities between maps of gradients logs and height fluctuations are apparent. This shows that the fluctuations are exponentially dependent on local surface gradients. The highest fluctuations correspond to tool/material interactions for turned surfaces and to regions of maximum plastic deformation for sandblasted surfaces. Finally, for abraded, heterogeneous, multilayer surfaces, fluctuations are dependent on both abrasion and light/sub-layer interactions. It appears that the natures of irregular surface topographies govern fluctuation regimes, and that regions which are indicative of surface functionality, or integrity, can have the highest fluctuations.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10419661 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155408 | DOI Listing |
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