Tobacco smoking is one of the most serious health problems. Potentially lethal effects of nicotine for adults can occur with as little as 30 to 60 mg, although severe symptoms can arise with lower doses. Furthermore, the route of administration also influences the toxicity. Cytisine is one of the most popular medications in nicotinism treatment. Like nicotine, cytisine is a plant alkaloid, signaling through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Our study evaluated the effects of cytisine in nicotine-induced embryotoxic effects using zebrafish larvae. We examined the teratogenicity of nicotine and cytisine alone or in combination. Nicotine increased mortality and delayed hatching of zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Cytisine did not affect mortality in a wide range of concentrations, and hatching delay was observed only at the highest concentrations, above 2 mM. Administering compounds together partially reduced the adverse teratogenic effect induced by nicotine alone. The protective effect of cytisine against the nicotine effect, observed in zebrafish, will contribute to future studies or treatments related to nicotine addiction or prenatal nicotine exposure in humans.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10419251 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512094 | DOI Listing |
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Background: Systematic reviews have documented the beneficial effects of bupropion, cytisine, nicotine, and varenicline as aids to permanent smoking cessation. We investigated the question whether the effect of treatment depends on the severity of tobacco dependence.
Methods: We systematically searched for relevant publications in bibliographic databases and trial registries, made inquiries to manufacturers, and consulted additional sources of information (last search on 1 September 2022).
Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy.
iScience
November 2024
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * Various smoking cessation methods exist, including nicotine replacement therapies and medications like varenicline and bupropion, with new options like cytisine and faster-acting NRTs being developed, enhancing choices for those trying to quit.
- * Personalizing cessation strategies by assessing individual responses and preferences can lead to more effective treatment outcomes, including the potential use of combination therapies for those who need additional support.
An example of cytisine overdose with no consequent side-effects: a case report.
J Med Case Rep
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Addiction Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Cytisine, an alkaloid similar to nicotine, is used for smoking cessation but can cause side effects like nausea and fatigue.
- A case study details a 64-year-old woman who mistakenly took double the recommended dose of cytisine for 8 days but did not experience any negative reactions.
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Tobacco use disorder in patients with other mental disorders: a dual disorder perspective from clinical neuroscience.
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Virgen del Rocío Hospital, IBIS Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain.
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of disability and preventable deaths worldwide, but it should be differentiated from tobacco use disorder, which is, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a mental disorder. The rapid delivery of nicotine to the brain activates acetylcholine receptors and stimulates the release of dopamine, both systems implicated in other mental disorders. Rates of tobacco use disorder are much higher among people suffering from other mental disorders and these patients find it more difficult to quit.
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