Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma is a malignancy with a poor prognosis caused by human T lymphocyte virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Tax and HBZ are two major viral proteins that may be involved in oncogenesis by disrupting apoptosis. Because Bcl-xL plays an integral role in the anti-apoptotic pathway, this study examines the interaction between host apoptosis and oncoproteins. We investigated 37 HTLV-1-infected individuals, including 18 asymptomatic and 19 adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) subjects. mRNA was extracted and converted to cDNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and then gene expression was determined using TaqMan q-PCR. Moreover, the HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) was also measured using a commercial absolute quantification kit (Novin Gene, Iran). Data analysis revealed that the mean of , , and PVL was significantly higher among the study groups (ATLL and carrier groups = .003, = .000, and = .002 respectively). There was no statistical difference in Bcl-xL gene expression between the study groups ( = .323). It is proposed that this anti-apoptotic pathway may not be directly involved in the development of ATLL lymphoma. , TAX, HBZ gene expression, and PVL can be utilized as prognostic markers.
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