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Cardiac sequelae in athletes following COVID-19 vaccination: evidence and misinformation. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The identification of myocarditis as a rare side effect of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination has raised concerns about vaccine safety, especially among athletes, who may be at a higher risk due to their age and immune systems.
  • Evidence suggests that cases of myocarditis are very low in vaccinated individuals under 40 compared to those infected with SARS-CoV-2, with no confirmed cases of athletes facing serious heart issues post-vaccination.
  • Despite speculative claims linking mRNA vaccines to sudden cardiac events in athletes, major media sources have debunked these assertions, asserting there's no concrete evidence connecting vaccination to increased cardiac risks in this population.

Article Abstract

The recognition of myocarditis as a rare side effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination has sparked a global debate on vaccine safety, especially in the realm of sports. The main proposed mechanisms in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination-associated myocarditis (C-VAM) are based on the activation of the innate- and adaptive immune system against a susceptible immune-genetic background, including the recognition of mRNA as an antigen by the immune system, molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and cardiac tissue antigens and inflammatory sex-hormone signalling. The relatively younger age of the athlete population hypothetically constellates an increased risk of C-VAM. A subgroup analysis in individuals under 40 years revealed a low incidence of myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination when compared to positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. No confirmed cases of athletes experiencing cardiac complications after mRNA vaccination have been reported. Most athletes only reported mild side effects after COVID-19 vaccination. A small but statistically significant decrease in maximal oxygen consumption in recreational athletes occurred after BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccine administration. The clinical relevance and temporality of which remain to be determined. Many speculative social media reports attribute sudden cardiac arrest/death (SCA/D) in athletes to mRNA vaccination. Large media outlets have thoroughly debunked these claims. There is currently no evidence to support the claim that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination increases the risk of myocardial sequelae or SCA/D in athletes. However, specific vaccine regimen selection and timing may be appropriate to prevent detrimental performance effects.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-106847DOI Listing

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