Thrombocytopenia as an important determinant of poor prognosis in patients with pyogenic liver abscess: a retrospective case series.

Background: Thrombocytopenia and poor prognosis in severe conditions are associated. However, the clinical significance of thrombocytopenia in pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has not been evaluated.

Objective: To evaluate the association between thrombocytopenia and the prognosis of patients with PLA.

Methods: A consecutive case series of 458 adult patients with PLA hospitalized at Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) between October 2011 and June 2021 was included in this cross-sectional analysis. Patient data were compared between the thrombocytopenia and non-thrombocytopenia groups. Multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and propensity score -matched analyses (PSM) were performed.

Results: Of the 458 patients with PLA, 94 (20.5%) developed thrombocytopenia, 19 (4.1%) developed septic shock, 14 (3.1%) were admitted to the ICU, and 15 (3.3%) died during hospitalization. Thrombocytopenia was independently associated with shock (95%CI = 3.529-57.944,  < 0.001), ICU admission (95%CI = 1.286-25.733,  = 0.022), and mortality (95%CI = 1.947-34.223,  = 0.004) in multivariate regression analysis. ROC analysis showed that thrombocytopenia may be an identified marker of shock [area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.8119; cut-off, 92.50;  < 0.0001], ICU admission (AUC, 0.7484; cut-off, 82.50;  < 0.0015), and mortality (AUC, 0.7827; cut-off, 122.50;  < 0.002). These findings remained consistent across 86 pairs of patients analyzed for PSM analyses.

Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in PLA and patients may be more prone to adverse outcomes.