The term 'open science' refers to a range of methods, tools, platforms and practices that aim to make scientific research more accessible, transparent, reproducible and reliable. This includes, for example, sharing code, data and research materials, embracing new publishing formats such as registered reports and preprints, pursuing replication studies and reanalyses, optimising statistical approaches to improve evidence assessment and re-evaluating institutional incentives. The ongoing shift towards open science practices is partly due to mounting evidence that studies across disciplines suffer from biases, underpowered designs and irreproducible or non-replicable results. It also stems from a general desire amongst many researchers to reduce hyper-competitivity in science and instead promote collaborative research that benefits science and society.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.036 | DOI Listing |
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Estimating Visual Acuity With Spectacle Correction From Fundus Photos Using Artificial Intelligence.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Importance: Determining spectacle-corrected visual acuity (VA) is essential when managing many ophthalmic diseases. If artificial intelligence (AI) evaluations of macular images estimated this VA from a fundus image, AI might provide spectacle-corrected VA without technician costs, reduce visit time, or facilitate home monitoring of VA from fundus images obtained outside of the clinic.
Objective: To estimate spectacle-corrected VA measured on a standard eye chart among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice settings using previously validated AI algorithms evaluating best-corrected VA from fundus photographs in eyes with DME.
Radon Exposure and Gestational Diabetes.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
Importance: Understanding environmental risk factors for gestational diabetes (GD) is crucial for developing preventive strategies and improving pregnancy outcomes.
Objective: To examine the association of county-level radon exposure with GD risk in pregnant individuals.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, population-based cohort study used data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) cohort, which recruited nulliparous pregnant participants from 8 US clinical centers between October 2010 and September 2013.
Brief Report: Antiretroviral Treatment Use Over Time Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the Rakai Community Cohort Study, 2011-2020.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
December 2024
Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, pediatric and adult treatment programs have not met the needs of youth living with HIV (15-24 years), whose enrollment in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs is much lower than that of adults. To inform targeted interventions, we analyzed factors associated with ART use among youth in Uganda.
Methods: Data were from 42 communities between 2011 and 2020 (5 survey rounds) from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open, population-based cohort.
Hantaan virus glycoprotein Gc induces NEDD4-dependent PTEN ubiquitination and degradation to escape the restriction of autophagosomes and facilitate viral propagation.
FASEB J
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection causes severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans and the infectious process can be regulated by autophagy. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein has antiviral effects and plays a critical role in the autophagy pathway. However, the relationship between PTEN and HTNV infection is not clear and whether PTEN-regulated autophagy involves in HTNV replication is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProlonged tamoxifen treatment induces iron deposition and ferroptosis in the liver.
FASEB J
January 2025
Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Tamoxifen is an inhibitor of estrogen receptors and was originally developed for breast cancer therapy. Besides, tamoxifen is widely used for Cre-estrogen receptor-mediated conditional knockout in transgenic mice. However, we found that the 3-month feeding of 0.
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