Combining convolutional attention mechanism and residual deformable Transformer for infarct segmentation from CT scans of acute ischemic stroke patients.

Background: Segmentation and evaluation of infarcts on medical images are essential for diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Computed tomography (CT) is the first-choice examination for patients with AIS.

Methods: To accurately segment infarcts from the CT images of patients with AIS, we proposed an automated segmentation method combining the convolutional attention mechanism and residual Deformable Transformer in this article. The method used the encoder-decoder structure, where the encoders were employed for downsampling to obtain the feature of the images and the decoder was used for upsampling and segmentation. In addition, we further applied the convolutional attention mechanism and residual network structure to improve the effectiveness of feature extraction. Our code is available at: https://github.com/XZhiXiang/AIS-segmentation/tree/master.

Results: The proposed method was assessed on a public dataset containing 397 non-contrast CT (NCCT) images of AIS patients (AISD dataset). The symptom onset to CT time was less than 24 h. The experimental results illustrate that this work had a Dice coefficient (DC) of 58.66% for AIS infarct segmentation, which outperforms several existing methods. Furthermore, volumetric analysis of infarcts indicated a strong correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.948) between the AIS infarct volume obtained by the proposed method and manual segmentation.

Conclusion: The strong correlation between the infarct segmentation obtained via our method and the ground truth allows us to conclude that our method could accurately segment infarcts from NCCT images.