AI Article Synopsis
- Exosomes are tiny bubbles that help tumor cells talk to immune cells in the tumor area, affecting how the immune system works.
- They can show immune cells what the tumor looks like, but they can also make it harder for the immune system to fight the tumor.
- Researchers are studying exosomes to see if they can be used to help improve cancer treatments by finding new ways to use them as tools or markers in medicine.
Article Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomes secreted by cells form interactive networks between the tumor cells and immune cells, thereby regulating immune signaling cascades in the TME. As key messengers of cell-to-cell communication in the TME, exosomes not only take charge of tumor cell antigen presentation to the immune cells, but also regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit immune function, and, especially, promote immune resistance, all of which affects the therapeutic outcomes of tumors. Exosomes, which are small-sized vesicles, possess some remarkable advantages, including strong biological activity, a lack of immunogenicity and toxicity, and a strong targeting ability. Based on these characteristics, research on exosomes as biomarkers or carriers of tumor therapeutic drugs has become a research hotspot in related fields. This review describes the role of exosomes in cell communications in the TME, summarizes the effectiveness of exosome-based immunotherapy in overcoming immune resistance in cancer treatment, and systematically summarizes and discusses the characteristics of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of exosome-related therapies are discussed.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.007 | DOI Listing |
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