Vanishing Adrenal Glands: Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage With Adrenal Insufficiency in COVID-19 Infection.

Cureus

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.

Published: June 2023

AI Article Synopsis

  • COVID-19 can lead to serious complications such as adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal hemorrhage, particularly in patients with conditions like antiphospholipid syndrome.
  • Acute adrenal hemorrhage is often overlooked but can contribute significantly to severe illness, multi-organ failure, and even death.
  • Recognizing adrenal insufficiency quickly is crucial since there may be a delay between the onset of hemorrhage and the onset of failure, necessitating careful monitoring and prompt treatment.

Article Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with thrombotic and endocrine complications, including adrenal insufficiency in the setting of adrenal hemorrhage. We present a patient diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) in the setting of COVID-19 infection resulting in bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, subsequently leading to adrenal insufficiency. Acute adrenal hemorrhage is an underrecognized cause of decompensation, multisystem failure, and death in severe illness. Reports of adrenal insufficiency in the setting of COVID-19 infection revealed microscopic infarction, which can increase the risk of hemorrhage. Other mechanisms include severe hyperinflammatory response and cytokine storm leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury, adrenal parenchymal damage, and hemorrhage. COVID-19 infection can be associated with coagulopathy and thromboembolic events and can lead to adrenal hemorrhage. Adrenal insufficiency is life-threatening and needs to be recognized promptly. There can be a latent phase between hemorrhagic events and adrenal failure; hence, close monitoring and timely intervention are important.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387330PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41210DOI Listing

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