AI Article Synopsis
- Autism and ADHD are both neurodevelopmental disorders that exhibit common brain connectivity issues, making it tough to decipher their mechanisms due to variability in brain patterns.
- This study uses resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to explore the differences and similarities in brain connectivity among autistic, ADHD, and neurotypical adults.
- Key findings reveal specific brain areas, like the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, show differing connectivity patterns across the groups, highlighting the significance of the cerebellum's functional role in these disorders.
Article Abstract
Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders that share common and distinct neurobiological mechanisms, with disrupted brain connectivity patterns being a hallmark feature of both conditions. It is challenging to gain a mechanistic understanding of the underlying disorder, because brain connectivity changes in autism and ADHD are heterogeneous. The present resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) study focuses on investigating the shared and distinct resting state-fMRI connectivity (rsFC) patterns in autistic and ADHD adults using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA). By identifying spatial patterns of fMRI activity across a given time course, MVPA is an innovative and powerful method for generating seed regions of interest (ROIs) without hypotheses. We performed a data-driven, whole-brain, connectome-wide MVPA on rs-fMRI data collected from 15 autistic, 19 ADHD, and 15 neurotypical (NT) young adults. MVPA identified cerebellar vermis 9, precuneus, and the right cerebellum VI for autistic versus NT, right inferior frontal gyrus and vermis 9 for ADHD versus NT, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for autistic versus ADHD as significant clusters. seed-to-voxel analyses using these clusters as seed ROIs were performed for further characterization of group differences. The cerebellum VI, vermis, and precuneus in autistic adults, and the vermis and frontal regions in ADHD showed different connectivity patterns in comparison with NT. The study characterizes the rsFC profile of cerebellum with key cortical areas in autism and ADHD, and it emphasizes the importance of studying the role of the functional connectivity of the cerebellum in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/brain.2023.0006 | DOI Listing |
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