AI Article Synopsis

  • A comprehensive checklist for the Notodontidae moth family in Colombia has been created, highlighting 515 species, including 51 that are unique to the country.
  • Colombia ranks third globally in diversity of these notable moths, with a significant number of new records and known host plants documented.
  • Future biodiversity efforts will focus on exploring under-studied areas, enhancing biological collections, and collaborating with local communities to further understand and conserve these moths.

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Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a major polyphagous pest of global relevance due to the damage it causes to various crops. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is generally used by farmers to manage S. litura, however, its widespread use has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance.

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Background: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) threatens maize production worldwide, and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) are known as the main secondary metabolites produced by maize to defend against FAW. However, we do not yet know whether and in what ways certain endophytes in the digestive system of FAW can metabolize Bxs, thus enhancing the fitness of FAW when feeding on maize.

Results: Using Bxs as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, we isolated Pantoea dispersa from the guts of FAW.

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Plant protease inhibitors (PI's) inhibit the activity of gut proteases and thus provide resistance against insect attack. Previously we have published first report on cloning and characterization of a novel Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor gene (RbTI) from ricebean (Vigna umbellata). In this study, the RbTI gene was further characterized and validated as a potential candidate for transferring insect resistance in economically important crops.

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 phosphorylates MYC2 transcription factors to regulate jasmonic acid signaling and herbivory responses in maize.

Plant Physiol

December 2024

Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.

Regulation of responses induced by herbivory and jasmonic acid (JA) remains poorly understood in the important staple crop maize (Zea mays). MYC2 is the key transcription factor regulating many aspects of JA signaling, while mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs or MPKs) play important roles in various plant physiological processes. Using a combination of reverse genetics, transcriptome analysis, and biochemical assays, we elucidated the important role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) in maize resistance to insects and in JA signaling.

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An enormous diversity of specialized metabolites is produced in the plant kingdom, with each individual plant synthesizing thousands of these compounds. Previous research showed that benzoxazinoids, the most abundant class of specialized metabolites in maize, also function as signaling molecules by regulating the production callose as a defense response. We searched for additional benzoxazinoid-regulated specialized metabolites, characterized them, examined whether they too function in herbivore protection, and determined how Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), a prominent maize pest, copes with these metabolites.

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