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The giant ground beetle genus Calosoma (Coleoptera, Carabidae) comprises ca. 120 species distributed worldwide. About half of the species in this genus are flightless due to a process of wing reduction likely resulting from the colonization of remote habitats such as oceanic islands, highlands, and deserts.

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Periodic breathing during sleep at high altitude is almost universal among sojourners. Here, in the context of acclimatization and adaptation, we provide a contemporary review on periodic breathing at high altitude, and explore whether this is an adaptive or maladaptive process. The mechanism(s), prevalence and role of periodic breathing in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude are contrasted with the available data from adapted indigenous populations (e.

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We erect the Cenocimbicinae, a new subfamily of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta), restricted to the Selandian Menat Formation of France, the oldest occurrence of the family, and the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands of far-western North America. We describe new taxa from the Okanagan Highlands: Allenbycimbex morrisae gen. et sp.

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Introduction And Objectives: Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS) syndrome, combining excessive erythrocytosis and clinical symptoms in highlanders, remains a public health concern in high-altitude areas, especially in the Andes, with limited therapeutic approaches. The objectives of this study were to assess in CMS-highlanders permanently living in La Rinconada (5100-5300 m, Peru, the highest city in the world), the early efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) and atorvastatin to reduce hematocrit (Hct), as well as the underlying mechanisms focusing on intravascular volumes.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one males (46±8 years of age) permanently living in La Rinconada for 15 [10-20] years and suffering from CMS were randomized between ACZ (250 mg once-daily; N = 13), atorvastatin (20 mg once-daily; N = 14) or placebo (N = 14) uptake in a double-blinded parallel study.

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases during hypoxia to counteract the reduction in arterial oxygen content. The onset of tissue hypoxemia coincides with the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and transcription of downstream HIF-mediated processes. It has yet to be determined, whether HIF down- or upregulation can modulate hypoxic vasodilation of the cerebral vasculature.

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