Oral vaccines are gaining more attention due to their ease of administration, lower invasiveness, generally greater safety, and lower cost than injectable vaccines. This review introduces certified oral vaccines for adenovirus, recombinant protein-based, and transgenic plant-based oral vaccines, and their mechanisms for inducing an immune response. Procedures for regulatory approval and clinical trials of injectable and oral vaccines are also covered. Challenges such as instability and reduced efficacy in low-income countries associated with oral vaccines are discussed, as well as recent developments, such as Bacillus-subtilis-based and nanoparticle-based delivery systems that have the potential to improve the effectiveness of oral vaccines.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10383709 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071232 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Development of RT-PCR Assays for Simple Detection and Identification of Sabin Virus Contaminants in the Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccines.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Background/objectives: Conventional live oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) effectively prevent poliomyelitis. These vaccines are derived from three attenuated Sabin strains of poliovirus, which can revert within the first week of replication to a neurovirulent phenotype, leading to sporadic cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) among vaccinees and their contacts. A novel OPV2 vaccine (nOPV2) with enhanced genetic stability was developed recently; type 1 and type 3 nOPV strains were engineered using the nOPV2 genome as a backbone by replacing the capsid precursor polyprotein (P1) with that of Sabin strains type 1 and type 3, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced Immunogenicity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particles Using a Water-in-Oil-in-Water Adjuvant.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes significant economic losses, prompting vaccination as a primary control strategy. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising candidates for FMD vaccines but require adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a VLP-based vaccine with a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion adjuvant, named WT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnowledge, Awareness, and Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students of Biomedical Faculties: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Dent J (Basel)
January 2025
Clinical Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on physical, mental, and social aspects of life worldwide. This study aimed to explore and compare differences in knowledge, awareness, behavior, and the psychological impact of the pandemic among students of biomedical faculties at the University of Zagreb. : A cross-sectional study was conducted between 27 November 2020 and 19 January 2021 involving 518 students from the School of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in wastewater samples: a wake-up call, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, 2024.
Euro Surveill
January 2025
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), South Mimms (Potters Bar), United Kingdom.
In 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in wastewater samples in Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). All strains were genetically linked, but sequence analysis showed high genetic diversity among the strains identified within individual wastewater sites and countries and an unexpected high genetic proximity among isolates from different countries. Taken together these results, with sequential samples having tested positive in various sites, a broader geographic distribution beyond positive sampling sites must be considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification and characterization of CD83 and CD276 as markers of dendritic cells in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).
Fish Shellfish Immunol
January 2025
Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in activating naïve T-cells and bridging innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to identify and characterize CD83 and CD276 as potential markers for DCs in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Specific antibodies against these markers were developed and used to analyze their distribution in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and intestinal tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!