D-type cyclins encode G1/S cell cycle checkpoint proteins, which play a crucial role in defining cell cycle exit and progression. Precise control of cell cycle exit is vital during embryonic development, with defects in the pathways regulating intracellular D-type cyclins resulting in abnormal initiation of stem cell differentiation in a variety of different organ systems. Furthermore, stabilisation of D-type cyclins is observed in a wide range of disorders characterized by cellular over-proliferation, including cancers and overgrowth disorders. In this review, we will summarize and compare the roles played by each D-type cyclin during development and provide examples of how their intracellular dysregulation can be an underlying cause of disease.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14071445 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- * D-type cyclins are recruited to oxidative damage sites, protecting p21 from degradation, which in turn blocks MMR by competing with MMR components for binding to PCNA.
- * The degradation of D-type cyclins at the G1/S transition is crucial for allowing MMR proteins to interact with PCNA, ensuring proper repair of DNA replication errors; however, persistent cyclin D1 during S-phase can increase mutation rates.
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