Brain surgeries are among the most delicate clinical procedures and must be performed with the most technologically robust and advanced tools. When such surgical procedures are performed in functionally critical regions of the brain, functional mapping is applied as a standard practice that involves direct coordinated interactions between the neurosurgeon and the clinical neurology electrophysiology team. However, information flow during these interactions is commonly verbal as well as time consuming which in turn increases the duration and cost of the surgery, possibly compromising the patient outcomes. Additionally, the grids that measure brain activity and identify the boundaries of pathological versus functional brain regions suffer from low resolution (3-10 mm contact to contact spacing) with limited conformity to the brain surface. Here, we introduce a brain intracranial electroencephalogram microdisplay (Brain-iEEG-microdisplay) which conforms to the brain to measure the brain activity and display changes in near real-time (40 Hz refresh rate) on the surface of the brain in the surgical field. We used scalable engineered gallium nitride (GaN) substrates with 6" diameter to fabricate, encapsulate, and release free-standing arrays of up to 2048 GaN light emitting diodes (μLEDs) in polyimide substrates. We then laminated the μLED arrays on the back of micro-electrocorticography (μECoG) platinum nanorod grids (PtNRGrids) and developed hardware and software to perform near real-time intracranial EEG analysis and activation of light patterns that correspond to specific cortical activities. Using the Brain-iEEG-microdisplay, we precisely ideFSntified and displayed important cortical landmarks and pharmacologically induced pathological activities. In the rat model, we identified and displayed individual cortical columns corresponding to individual whiskers and the near real-time evolution of epileptic discharges. In the pig animal model, we demonstrated near real-time mapping and display of cortical functional boundaries using somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and display of responses to direct electrical stimulation (DES) from the surface or within the brain tissue. Using a dual-color Brain-iEEG-microdisplay, we demonstrated co-registration of the functional cortical boundaries with one color and displayed the evolution of electrical potentials associated with epileptiform activity with another color. The Brain-iEEG-microdisplay holds the promise of increasing the efficiency of diagnosis and possibly surgical treatment, thereby reducing the cost and improving patient outcomes which would mark a major advancement in neurosurgery. These advances can also be translated to broader applications in neuro-oncology and neurophysiology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.19.549735 | DOI Listing |
Ann Biomed Eng
December 2024
Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Vacuum-assisted delivery (VAD) uses a vacuum cup on the fetal scalp to apply traction during uterine contractions, assisting complicated vaginal deliveries. Despite its widespread use, VAD presents a higher risk of neonatal morbidity compared to natural vaginal delivery and biomechanical evidence for safe VAD traction forces is still limited. The aim of this study is to develop and assess the feasibility of an experimental VAD testing setup, and investigate the impact of traction forces on fetal brain deformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Brain Res
December 2024
Music and Audio Research Laboratory, New York University, New York, USA.
We examined the impact of auditory stimuli and their methods on a dynamic balance task performance. Twenty-four young adults wore an HTC Vive headset and dodged a virtual ball to the right or left based on its color (blue to the left, red to the right, and vice versa). We manipulated the environment by introducing congruent (auditory stimuli from the correct direction) or incongruent (auditory stimuli played randomly from either side) and comparing a multimodal (visual and congruent auditory stimuli) to unimodal (visual or auditory stimuli) presentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCereb Cortex
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, #45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
The asymmetric pattern of β-amyloid plaque distribution across Alzheimer's disease clinical progression stages remains unclear. In this study, 66 participants with normal cognition, 59 with subjective cognitive decline, 12 with mild cognitive impairment, and 11 with Alzheimer's disease dementia were included in the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) cohort. A regional asymmetry index, denoting the left-right asymmetry of β-amyloid plaques, was derived for each region based on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling atlas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Neurol (Paris)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly affect the quality of life of patients and their significant others. The aim of this work is to describe typical neuropsychiatric symptoms and their treatment.
Methods: This is a narrative opinion paper, illustrated by a fictional case report.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
December 2024
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
Objectives: Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare condition that causes epilepsy and central precocious puberty (CPP) at an early age. In this report, we describe a child with CPP secondary to HH and discuss the current literature.
Case Presentation: A 26-month-old girl was brought to our hospital for evaluation of breast enlargement.
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