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Adapts to Niche-Specific Stresses through Modifications in Cell Envelope Composition and Decoration. | LitMetric
is the primary causative agent of worldwide shigellosis. As the pathogen transverses the distinct niches of the gastrointestinal tract it necessitates dynamic adaptation strategies to mitigate host antimicrobials such as dietary fatty acids (FAs) and the bile salt, deoxycholate (DOC). This study investigates the dynamics of the cell envelope, by interrogating adaptations following FA or DOC exposure. We deciphered the effects of FAs and DOC on bacterial membrane fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compositions. We identified novel LPS-based strategies by the pathogen to support resistance to these host compounds. In particular, expression of very-long O antigen (VL-Oag) LPS was found to play a central role in stress mitigation, as VL-Oag protects against antimicrobial FAs, but its presence rendered susceptible to DOC stress. Collectively, this work underpins the importance for to maintain appropriate regulation of cell envelope constituents, in particular VL-Oag LPS, to adequately adapt to diverse stresses during infection.
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