Background: The number of people aged 80 years and older (80+) will increase drastically in the upcoming decades. The preservation of cognitive functions will contribute to their quality of life and independence.
Objectives: To identify determinants of cognition and predictors of change in cognitive performance in the population 80+.
Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based on the representative NRW80+ survey.
Setting: Randomly drawn cases of people aged 80+ from the municipal registration offices, including people living in private homes and institutional settings.
Participants: The participants in the cross-sectional sample (N=1503, 65.5%female) were 84.7 years old (95%CI[84.5,85.0]) and had 12.3 years of education (95%CI[12.1,12.4]). The participants in the longitudinal sample (N=840, 62.5%female) were 84.9 years old (95%CI[84.6,85.2]) and had 12.3 years of education (95%CI[12.0,12.5]).
Measurements: The cognitive screening DemTect, age, sex, education, and social, physical, and cognitive lifestyle activities, as well as subjective general health status and depressive symptoms, were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up.
Results: Younger age, more years of education, and more cognitive lifestyle activities were identified as the most consistent determinants of both better cognitive performance and preservation of cognitive performance for both global cognition as well as the DemTect subtests on memory and executive functions.
Conclusions: Our findings reveal that commonly investigated determinants of, and change in, cognitive performance are valid for the people 80+ and highlight the importance of cognitive lifestyle activities for cognitive health. The maintenance of cognitive functions is a key aspect of healthy aging in terms of preserving independence in people 80+.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2023.20 | DOI Listing |
Psychol Res
January 2025
School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Extrinsic motivation can foster effortful cognitive control. Moreover, the selective coupling of extrinsic motivation on low- versus high-control demands tasks would exert an additional impact. However, to what extent their influences are further modulated by the level of Need for Cognition (NFC) remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
While impaired response inhibition has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), findings in disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been inconsistent, probably due to unaccounted effects of co-occurring ADHD in DBD. This study investigated the associations of behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition with DBD and ADHD symptom severity, covarying for each other in a dimensional approach. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 35 children and adolescents with DBDs (8-18 years old, 19 males), and 31 age-matched unaffected controls (18 males) while performing a performance-adjusted stop-signal task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Neuropsychol
January 2025
Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Despite significant progress in understanding the factors influencing cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a notable gap in data representation for the Latinx population. This study aims to evaluate the contributors to and disparities in cognitive performance among Latinx patients with PD. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on cross-sectional data encompassing demographic, environmental, motor, and non-motor disease characteristics from the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of PD (LARGE-PD) and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohorts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBirth Defects Res
January 2025
School of Nursing, Ulster University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Introduction: While improved medical and surgical care for children with pina bifida has improved their survival, some may have lower cognitive, behavioral and educational performance. The paper assesses the effect of spina bifida on cognitive, behavioral, and educational outcomes in 5-11 year olds.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used where data were collected from parents/guardians and teachers using Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, second edition (BRIEF2), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Teacher Academic Attainment Scale (TAAS).
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Greater neighborhood disadvantage is associated with poorer global cognition. However, less is known about the variation in the magnitude of neighborhood effects across individual cognitive domains and whether the strength of these associations differs by individual-level factors. The current study investigated these questions in a community sample of older adults ( = 166, mean age = 72.
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