Introduction: Biphasic or segmented sleep is the habit of sleeping a first and a second sleep separated by a watching. The historian A Ekirch found that this was how people slept in pre-industrial times before the powerful artificial lighting. He is based on texts in different languages, from Antiquity to the 20th century, but the absence of sources in Spanish is striking.
Aim: Review the Spanish literature searching references of the biphasic sleep using the keywords 'first sleep' and 'at the first cockcrow'.
Development: In the Second Part of Don Quixote de la Mancha (Chapter 68), Cervantes describes biphasic sleep with remarkable success, correlating the biotypes of Quixote and Sancho with their temperaments and sleeping and eating habits. Strangely, Ekirch cites the chapter, but not biphasic sleep. In this review I reproduce eleven texts in Spanish (13th to 19th centuries), mostly classical works, which refer to it by arranging its phases in a way that coincides with the hours in which the night was divided in the pre-industrial era: 20:00-21:00 to 00:00, first sleep, 00:00 to 03:00, wakefulness; 03:00 to 06:00, second sleep. La Celestina provides significant data too. Recent studies proved that this habit is physiological, and it adapts to the lifestyle that requires it.
Conclusions: References to biphasic sleep in Spanish literature are identified and cited for the first time, confirming Ekirch's hypothesis. In Don Quixote, Cervantes describes it with great breadth and sharpness.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662194 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.7704.2023144 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Dose-response and time-lagged effect of daily training load on athlete well-being during an international rugby series.
Biol Sport
January 2025
School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Rugby training and competition create varying levels of training load (TL) that impact athlete well-being, but the relationship between TL and well-being is not fully understood.
- During a 3-week study with 22 elite male rugby players, researchers assessed TL and well-being indicators like mood and fatigue multiple times a week.
- Results showed that higher daily TLs correlated with negative changes in well-being, including decreases in mood and sleep quality, and increases in stress and fatigue, with effects varying over time based on the TL experienced.
- Understanding this relationship can help coaches and athletes develop better training and recovery strategies to enhance performance and well-being.
Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea resolves with lower inspiratory pressure.
J Clin Sleep Med
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Study Objectives: Treatment emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA) is an important problem during therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Here we tested a device designed to improve CPAP comfort through reducing IPAP (-Com) to determine if such a reduction in IPAP could eliminate central apneas in patients with TECSA. Since increasing tidal volume (potentially via IPAP increments) has been suggested as a possible mechanism contributing to TECSA onset, our hypothesis was that reducing IPAP would yield a drop in the central apnea index (CAI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing the psychometric properties of the Biphasic Sleep Scale (BiSS): A novel 16-item self-report measure.
J Sleep Res
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Biphasic sleep, characterized by nighttime sleep plus daytime napping, has demonstrated some cognitive, health and performance impacts when compared with consolidated monophasic sleep. This motivated the development and validation of the Biphasic Sleep Scale, reported in this paper. Scale development involved a literature review, expert input and individual interviews.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatiotemporal Clusters of ERK Activity Coordinate Cytokine-induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
November 2024
University of California Davis, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, California, United States;
Spatially coordinated ERK signaling events ("SPREADs") transmit radially from a central point to adjacent cells via secreted ligands for EGFR and other receptors. SPREADs maintain homeostasis in non-pulmonary epithelia, but it is unknown whether they play a role in the airway epithelium or are dysregulated in inflammatory disease. To address these questions, we measured SPREAD activity with live-cell ERK biosensors in human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBE1 and 16HBE) and primary human bronchial epithelial (pHBE) cells, in both submerged and biphasic Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) culture conditions (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA sleepy cannabis constituent: cannabinol and its active metabolite influence sleep architecture in rats.
Neuropsychopharmacology
November 2024
Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Medicinal cannabis is being used worldwide and there is increasing use of novel cannabis products in the community. Cannabis contains the major cannabinoids, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), but also an array of minor cannabinoids that have undergone much less pharmacological characterization. Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid used in the community in "isolate' products and is claimed to have pro-sleep effects comparable to conventional sleep medications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!