Hospitalizations and severe complications following acute sinusitis in general practice: a registry-based cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate complication rates of acute sinusitis in general practice, and whether antibiotic prescribing had an impact on complication rate.

Methods: All adult patients diagnosed with sinusitis in Norwegian general practice between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2019 were included. GP consultation data from the Norwegian Control and Payment for Health Reimbursements Database were linked with antibiotic prescriptions (Norwegian Prescription Database) and hospital admissions (Norwegian Patient Registry). Main outcomes were sinusitis-related hospitalizations and severe complications within 30 days. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between antibiotic prescriptions, prespecified risk factors, individual GP prescribing quintile, and outcomes.

Results: A total of 711 069 episodes of acute sinusitis in 415 781 patients were identified. During the study period, both annual episode rate (from 30.2 to 21.2 per 1000 inhabitants) and antibiotic prescription rate (63.3% to 46.5%; P < 0.001) decreased. Yearly hospitalization rate was stable at 10.0 cases per 10 000 sinusitis episodes and the corresponding rate of severe complications was 3.2, with no yearly change (P = 0.765). Antibiotic prescribing was associated with increased risk of hospitalization [adjusted OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.5-2.1)] but not with severe complications. Individual GP prescribing quintile was not associated with any of the outcomes, whereas risk factors such as previous drug abuse, or head injury, skull surgery or malformations, and being immunocompromised were significantly associated with increased risk of both outcomes.

Conclusions: Severe complications of acute sinusitis were rare and no protective effect of high prescribing practice among GPs was found. Recommendations to further reduce antibiotic prescribing are generally encouraged, except for high-risk groups.