Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Published: July 2023
Background: Currently the responses of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells in the natural course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection haven't been fully elucidated.
Methods: The function of peripheral proinflammatory, regulatory and cytotoxic cytokine-secreting cells were investigated by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and flow cytometry, additionally, the absolute numbers of different cytokine-secreting cells were measured among patients with HIV/TB co-infection (HT group), and compared them with the healthy controls (HC group), patients with TB (TB group) and patients with HIV infection (HIV group). After one week's anti-TB treatment, the changes of the percentages of cytokine-secreting cells were further evaluated in TB and HT groups.
Results: Totally 26 individuals in the HC group, 51 in the TB group, 26 in the HIV group and 29 in the HT group were enrolled. The HT. HT group exhibited significantly lower absolute numbers of IFN-γCD4, IFN-γCD8, TNF-αCD4, IL17ACD4 T cells and TNF-αCD14 monocytes than the TB and HIV groups. Compared with the TB group, the percentages of CD8 T cells secreting IFN-γ and perforin (p=0.010; p=0.043) were significantly lower among the HT group. Compared with the HIV group, the percentages of CD4, CD8 T cells and CD14 monocytes secreting TNF-α (p=0.013; p=0.001; p<0.001) were significantly decreased, and the percentage of CD8 T cells secreting IL-17A (p=0.015) was significantly increased among the HT group. Both the percentages of CD4 T cells secreting TGF-β (p<0.001; p=0.001), and CD4 and CD8 T cells secreting granzyme A (all p<0.001), were significantly higher among the HT group than among the TB group and HIV group. After one week's anti-TB treatment, an increased percentage of CD4 T cells secreting TNF-α (p=0.003) was found in the TB group, and an increased percentage of CD8 T cells secreting TNF-α (p=0.029) was found in the HT group.
Conclusion: Significantly different functional profiles of peripheral proinflammatory, regulatory, and cytotoxic cytokine-secreting cells were observed in the natural course of HIV/TB co-infection compared to TB and HIV infection alone, even though the absolute numbers of those cells were significantly lower in HIV/TB co-infection. TNF-α-secreting CD8 T cells may be a more sensitive marker for early evaluation of anti-TB treatment efficacy in patients with HIV/TB co-infection.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1162420 | DOI Listing |
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Department of R&D, Shanghai HRAIN Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
The emergence of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy holds great promise in treating hematologic malignancies. While advancements in CAR design have enhanced therapeutic efficacy, the time-consuming manufacturing process has not been improved in the commercial production of CAR-T cells. In this study, we developed a "DASH CAR-T" process to manufacture CAR-T cells in 72 h and found the excelling anti-tumor efficacy of DASH CAR-T cells over conventionally manufactured CAR-T cells.
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December 2024
Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
Since T cells are key mediators in the adaptive immune system, evaluating antigen-specific T cell immune responses is pivotal to understanding immune function. Commonly used methods for measuring T cell responses include Activation-Induced Marker (AIM) assays and Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS). However, combining these approaches has rarely been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
June 2024
Biomathematics Division, Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Effective immune-cell responses depend on collective decision-making mediated by diffusible intercellular signaling proteins called cytokines. Here, we designed a three-dimensional spatiotemporal modeling framework and a precise finite-element simulation setup to systematically investigate the origin and consequences of spatially inhomogeneous cytokine distributions in lymph nodes. We found that such inhomogeneities are critical for effective paracrine signaling, and they do not arise by diffusion and uptake alone, but rather depend on properties of the cell population such as an all-or-none behavior of cytokine secreting cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
October 2024
Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Introduction: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) are widely used in fundamental research and clinical applications as studying their responses to activation is an effective way to uncover functional alterations and disease associated phenotypes. However, the availability of samples in large numbers at a specific time and location remains challenging, hence they often might preferably be collected and cryopreserved for later analysis. While the effect of cryopreservation on viability and cell surface expression is well established, changes in activity and cytokine secretion still lead to conflicting results as it is often measured in bulk or within the cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJCI Insight
September 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, and.
BACKGROUNDCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can cause developmental impairment and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). To determine the relationship between immune responses to cCMV infection and neurologic sequelae, T cell responses were compared for their connection to clinical symptoms at birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.METHODSThirty cCMV-infected and 15 uninfected infants were enrolled in a single-center prospective observational case-control study.
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