Description of the dermatoscopic features observed in sporotrichosis and American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: The evaluation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and sporotrichosis (SP) with dermoscopy may improve the diagnosis accuracy and clinical monitoring.

Objectives: To describe the dermoscopic findings and patterns of skin lesions of patients with CL and SP followed up at the Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LaPClinVigiLeish), Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: The authors included patients with a diagnosis of CL or SP, who attended at INI/ Fiocruz, between 2019‒2021. All patients had 3 dermoscopic examinations (DermLite DL4): before treatment (T), during treatment (T), and after healing (T). Up to three lesions per patient were evaluated.

Results: The authors studied 47 patients with CL (74 lesions), and 19 patients with SP (24 lesions). The authors described dermoscopic structures such as rosettes, white lines, white dots, brown focal structureless areas, brown lines and dots, white perilesional circles, perilesional hyperchromic circles, microulcerations and the rainbow patterns. The authors created specific patterns; in CL: CL-T "central yellow scales with a white perilesional circle pattern", CL-T "diffuse structureless white area pattern" and CL-T "white and brown focal structureless areas pattern". In SP: SP-T the "pustule with erythema pattern"; SP-T the "focal structureless white areas with erythema pattern" and SP-T the "white linear pattern".

Study Limitations: This study does not correlate dermoscopic findings with time of disease evolution at the first medical examination.

Conclusions: The recognition of CL and SP dermoscopy patterns may be helpful tool for the differential diagnosis and monitoring of disease evolution.