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Misclassification of opioid-involvement in drug-related overdose deaths in the United States: A scoping review.
Ann Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States. Electronic address:
Purpose: Most drug-related deaths in the United States (US) in 2022 involved opioids. However, methodological challenges in overdose surveillance may contribute to underestimation of opioid involvement in the overdose crisis. This scoping review aimed to synthesize existing literature to examine the breadth and contributing sources of misclassification of opioid-related overdose deaths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of N-desethyl etonitazene in a drug checking sample: Chemical analysis and pharmacological characterization of a recent member of the 2-benzylbenzimidazole "nitazene" class.
J Pharm Biomed Anal
December 2024
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
The emergence of 2-benzylbenzimidazole "nitazene" opioids is stirring up the recreational synthetic opioid market. Many nitazene analogues act as potent agonists at the µ‑opioid receptor (MOR), as demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Severe intoxication and overdose deaths associated with nitazene analogues are increasingly being reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensitivity and specificity of International Classification of Diseases algorithms (ICD-9 and ICD-10) used to identify opioid-related overdose cases: A systematic review and an example of estimation using Bayesian latent class models in the absence of gold standards.
Can J Public Health
October 2024
Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Objectives: This study aimed to summarize validity estimates of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in identifying opioid overdose (OOD) among patient data from emergency rooms, emergency medical services, inpatient, outpatient, administrative, medical claims, and mortality, and estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms in the absence of a perfect reference standard.
Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published before December 8, 2023, and identified with Medline and Embase. Studies reporting sufficient details to recreate a 2 × 2 table comparing the ICD algorithms to a reference standard in diagnosing OOD-related events were included.
Misclassification of overdose events in the X:BOT study.
Lancet
August 2023
Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Misclassification of overdose events in the X:BOT study - Authors' reply.
Lancet
August 2023
New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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