Purpose: Chemotherapy is commonly used for treatment in children over three years old with high-risk medulloblastoma(MB). However, little is currently known about the therapeutic benefits and side effects of intrathecal methotrexate(MTX), warranting further research.
Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who received intrathecal MTX during chemotherapy were included in the MTX group (n = 32), and patients that only underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology analysis were assigned to the control group (n = 14).
Results: In the MTX group, 27(84.38%) patients had metastatic disease, 3(9.38%) had diffuse anaplasia, and 3(9.38%) had residual disease greater than 1.5 cm. Molecular subgroup classification was available for 28(87.5%) patients. In the control group, 8(57.14%) patients had metastatic disease, 3(27.27%) had diffuse anaplasia, and 6(42.86%) had residual disease greater than 1.5 cm. Molecular subgroup classification was available for 6(42.86%) patients. The 5-year progression-free survival was 70.99% and the 5-year overall survival was 72.99% for the MTX group, and the corresponding values were 41.67% and 50% for the control group, respectively. 6 (18.75%) patients in the MTX group with group 4 disease developed MTX-related acute leukoencephalopathy and one of them died.
Conclusions: Our findings support the addition of intrathecal MTX during chemotherapy as the optimal management for children with group 3 and SHH high-risk MB. However, it is not recommended for group 4 MB patients, especially in resource-limited regions.
Trial Registration Number: Retrospective registered No.(2020 - 117).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-023-04388-2 | DOI Listing |
Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea.
Our previous study highlighted the anticancer potential of sea hare hydrolysate (SHH), particularly its role in regulating macrophage polarization and inducing pyroptotic death in lung cancer cells through the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These findings prompted us to investigate additional features of immune-oncology (I-O) agents or adjuvants, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition and their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, to explore the potential of SHH as an I-O agent or adjuvant. In this study, we investigated the effects of SHH on PD-L1 levels in various cancer cell types and assessed its effectiveness in treating RA, a common side effect of I-O agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Hematol Oncol
January 2025
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Istanbul University Oncology Institute, İstanbul, Turkey.
Childhood cancers, with leukemia at the forefront, comprise 97% acute leukemia and 3% chronic leukemia, with 75% of acute leukemias being of lymphoblastic origin. Over the past 50 years, survival rates have witnessed a remarkable increase, progressing from around 10% to achieving cure rates exceeding 90% in certain childhood ALL subgroups with the advent of combined therapies. Between 1999 and 2018, a total of 123 patients diagnosed with B-ALL were initially identified, but after applying exclusion criteria, 105 patients were included in the evaluation, who were treated with COG protocols at our center.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharm Dev Technol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Chemotherapeutic agents are widely used to combat breast cancer. However, due to their non-selective biodistribution, their usage is associated with severe adverse effects on healthy tissues. In this study, a chitosan-stabilized nanoemulsion (CSNE) was prepared for the codelivery of curcumin (CUR) and methotrexate (MTX).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
December 2024
Nanofaber S.r.l., Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
Background/objectives: This study aimed to develop a novel nanotechnological slow-release drug delivery platform based on hyaluronic acid Microsponge (MSP) for the subcutaneous administration of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, while MTX is a common disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), the conventional use of which is limited by adverse effects and the lack of release control.
Methods: MSP were synthesized as freeze-dried powder to increase their stability and allow for a facile reconstitution prior to administration and precise MTX dosing.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
Osteosarcoma is a rare disease, but it is the most frequent malignant bone tumor. Primary treatment consists of preoperative MAP (methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin and cisplatin) chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Pathological response to preoperative chemotherapy is one of the most important prognostic factors, but molecular biomarkers are lacking.
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