AI Article Synopsis

  • The study examined the presence of 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT), a more toxic derivative of the fungicide chlorothalonil, in the serum of pregnant women from Sweden and Costa Rica.
  • Researchers developed a method to measure HCT levels, finding it in all serum samples, with higher concentrations in Costa Rican women, especially those working in agriculture near banana plantations.
  • The findings highlight significant differences in HCT exposure levels between women in a tropical agricultural environment and those in Sweden, emphasizing the need for further investigation into health impacts related to fungicide exposure.

Article Abstract

Background: 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT, R182281), a transformation product of the fungicide chlorothalonil, was recently identified in human serum and breast milk. There are indications that HCT may be more toxic and environmentally persistent than chlorothalonil.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate serum concentrations of HCT in pregnant women in Sweden and Costa Rica.

Methods: We developed a quantitative analytical method for HCT using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We measured HCT in 1808 serum samples from pregnant women from the general population in Sweden (1997-2015) and in 632 samples from 393 pregnant women from an agricultural population in Costa Rica (2010-2011). In Swedish samples, we assessed time trends and investigated seasonality. In the Costa Rican samples, we evaluated variability between and within women and explanatory variables of HCT concentrations.

Results: HCT was detected in all serum samples, and the limit of detection was 0.1 µg/L. The median HCT concentration in the Swedish samples was 4.1 µg/L (interquartile range [IQR] of 2.9 - 5.8 µg/L), and 3.9 times higher in the Costa Rican samples (median: 16.1 µg/L; IQR: 10.6 - 25.0 µg/L). We found clear seasonal variation with higher concentrations in the first half of each year among Swedish women. In the Costa Rican study, women working in agriculture and living near banana plantations had higher HCT concentrations, whilst higher parity and having a partner working in agriculture were associated with decreased HCT, and no clear seasonal pattern was observed.

Impact Statement: For the first time, this study quantifies human exposure to the fungicide chlorothalonil and/or its transformation product 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT, R182281) and finds higher serum concentrations in women from a tropical agricultural setting as compared with women from the general population in Sweden.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11142910PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-023-00580-8DOI Listing

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