AI Article Synopsis
- The increasing production and demand for nano-black phosphorus (nano-BPs) materials raise concerns about their potential environmental leakage and human exposure through various pathways.
- This Review highlights the inconsistent toxicological findings related to nano-BPs, which result from differences in their properties, testing methods, and cell types studied.
- The article discusses important biological responses to nano-BPs, including cellular uptake, modes of cell death, and immunological effects, while also identifying challenges in assessing their health risks and suggesting broader applications for these nanomaterials.
Article Abstract
The production scalability and increasing demand for nano-black phosphorus materials (nano-BPs) inevitably lead to their environmental leakage, thereby raising the risk of human exposure through inhalation, ingestion, dermal, and even intravenous pathways. Consequently, a systematic evaluation of their potential impacts on human health is necessary. This Review outlines recent progress in the understanding of various biological responses to nano-BPs. Attention is particularly given to the inconsistent toxicological findings caused by a wide variation of nano-BPs' physicochemical properties, toxicological testing methods, and cell types examined in each study. Additionally, cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, cell death modes, immunological effects, and other biologically relevant processes are discussed in detail, providing evidence for the potential health implications of nano-BPs. Finally, we address the remaining challenges related to the health risk evaluation of nano-BPs and propose a broader range of applications for these promising nanomaterials.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c02688 | DOI Listing |
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