Structured reporting in radiology enables epidemiological analysis through data mining: urolithiasis as a use case.

Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology and distribution of disease characteristics of urolithiasis by data mining structured radiology reports.

Methods: The content of structured radiology reports of 2028 urolithiasis CTs was extracted from the department's structured reporting (SR) platform. The investigated cohort represented the full spectrum of a tertiary care center, including mostly symptomatic outpatients as well as inpatients. The prevalences of urolithiasis in general and of nephro- and ureterolithasis were calculated. The distributions of age, sex, calculus size, density and location, and the number of ureteral and renal calculi were calculated. For ureterolithiasis, the impact of calculus characteristics on the degree of possible obstructive uropathy was calculated.

Results: The prevalence of urolithiasis in the investigated cohort was 72%. Of those patients, 25% had nephrolithiasis, 40% ureterolithiasis, and 35% combined nephro- and ureterolithiasis. The sex distribution was 2.3:1 (M:F). The median patient age was 50 years (IQR 36-62). The median number of calculi per patient was 1. The median size of calculi was 4 mm, and the median density was 734 HU. Of the patients who suffered from ureterolithiasis, 81% showed obstructive uropathy, with 2nd-degree uropathy being the most common. Calculus characteristics showed no impact on the degree of obstructive uropathy.

Conclusion: SR-based data mining is a simple method by which to obtain epidemiologic data and distributions of disease characteristics, for the investigated cohort of urolithiasis patients. The added information can be useful for multiple purposes, such as clinical quality assurance, radiation protection, and scientific or economic investigations. To benefit from these, the consistent use of SR is mandatory. However, in clinical routine SR usage can be elaborate and requires radiologists to adapt.