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Ultraviolet radiation vs air filtration to mitigate virus laden aerosol in an occupied clinical room.
J Hazard Mater
January 2025
Monash Lung, Sleep, Allergy and Immunology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Partners - Epworth, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Mitigation measures against infectious aerosols are desperately needed. We aimed to: 1) compare germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) at 254 nm (254-GUV) and 222 nm (222-GUV) with portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to inactivate/remove airborne bacteriophage ϕX174, 2) measure the effect of air mixing on the effectiveness of 254-GUV, and 3) determine the relative susceptibility of ϕX174, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A(H3N2) to GUV (254 nm, 222 nm). A nebulizer generated ϕX174 laden aerosols in an occupied clinical room (sealed-low flow).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new method for testing non-porous surfaces for their antimicrobial efficacy using an aerosol-generating spray chamber.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Diagnostic and Research Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
The application of antimicrobial surfaces requires proof of their effectivity by methods in laboratories. One of the most common test methods is ISO 22196:2011, which represents a simple and inexpensive protocol by applying the bacterial suspension with known volume and concentration covered under a polyethylene film on the surfaces. The incubation is then conducted under defined humidity conditions for 24 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDispersal of influenza virus populations within the respiratory tract shapes their evolutionary potential.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Viral infections are characterized by dispersal from an initial site to secondary locations within the host. How the resultant spatial heterogeneity shapes within-host genetic diversity and viral evolutionary pathways is poorly understood. Here, we show that virus dispersal within and between the nasal cavity and trachea maintains diversity and is therefore conducive to adaptive evolution, whereas dispersal to the lungs gives rise to population heterogeneity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-cell transcriptome atlas of peripheral immune features to Omicron breakthrough infection under booster vaccination strategies.
Front Immunol
January 2025
School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Introduction: The high percentage of Omicron breakthrough infection in vaccinees is an emerging problem, of which we have a limited understanding of the phenomenon.
Methods: We performed single-cell transcriptome coupled with T-cell/B-cell receptor (TCR/BCR) sequencing in 15 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from Omicron infection and naïve with booster vaccination.
Results: We found that after breakthrough infection, multiple cell clusters showed activation of the type I IFN pathway and widespread expression of Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs); T and B lymphocytes exhibited antiviral and proinflammatory-related differentiation features with pseudo-time trajectories; and large TCR clonal expansions were concentrated in effector CD8 T cells, and clonal expansions of BCRs showed a preference for IGHV3.
Evaluation of host immune responses to Mycobacteriophage Fionnbharth by route of delivery.
Virol J
January 2025
Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
For much of the last decade, tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of mortality due to an infectious pathogen (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M.tb). Approximately 1.
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