A total of nine new phenolic amides (-), including four pairs of enantiomeric mixtures (- and ), along with ten known analogues (-) were identified from the fruits of using bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses, chiral HPLC analyses, and quantum NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds - are the first example of feruloyl tyramine dimers fused through a cyclobutane ring. The activity results indicated that compounds , , and - exhibited remarkable inhibition against α-glucosidase with IC of 1.11-33.53 μM, 5-150 times stronger than acarbose (IC = 169.78 μM). Meanwhile, compounds , , , , , and exerted moderate agonistic activities for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), with EC values of 10.09-44.26 μM. Especially,compound also presented inhibitory activity on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), with an IC value of 47.13 μM. Furthermore, the banding manner of compounds and with the active site of α-glucosidase, DPPIV, and PPAR-γ was explored by employing molecular docking analysis.
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