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Identification of Butyrylcholinesterase-Derived Small Molecule Peptides Indicative of Novichok Nerve Agent Exposures.
Chem Res Toxicol
January 2025
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
Novichok nerve agents, such as A-230, A-232, and A-234, were classified as Schedule 1 chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) following poisoning incidents in 2018. As a result, the production, storage, and use of these chemicals are strictly prohibited by CWC signatory nations. The identification of biomarkers indicating Novichok exposure in humans is crucial for prompt detection and response to potential incidents involving these banned chemical weapons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycotoxin exposure through the consumption of processed cereal food for children (< 5 years old) from rural households of Oshana, a region of Namibia.
Mycotoxin Res
January 2025
Department of Human, Biological, and Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Mycotoxin exposure from contaminated food is a significant global health issue, particularly among vulnerable children. Given limited data on mycotoxin exposure among Namibian children, this study investigated mycotoxin types and levels in foods, evaluated dietary mycotoxin exposure from processed cereal foods in children under age five from rural households in Oshana region, Namibia. Mycotoxins in cereal-based food samples (n = 162) (mahangu flour (n = 35), sorghum flour (n = 13), mahangu thin/thick porridge (n = 54), oshikundu (n = 56), and omungome (n = 4)) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Except host and environmental factors influencing individual human cytokine responses, pre-analytical handling procedures and detection methods also affect cytokine levels.
Methods: In this study, we used cytometric bead array (CBA) and chemiluminescence (ECL). These two methods were used to test serum and plasma samples from 50 healthy adult volunteers and 50 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' cytokine levels.
Mitigating matrix effects in oil and gas wastewater analysis: LC-MS/MS method for ethanolamines.
Environ Sci Process Impacts
January 2025
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Parsons Laboratory, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
The high salinity and organic content in oil and gas wastewaters can cause ion suppression during liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, diminishing the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements in available methods. This suppression is severe for low molecular weight organic compounds such as ethanolamines (, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), -methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and ,-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA)). Here, we deployed solid phase extraction (SPE), mixed-mode LC, triple quadrupole MS with positive electrospray ionization (ESI), and a suite of stable isotope standards (, one per target compound) to correct for ion suppression by salts and organic matter, SPE losses, and instrument variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFacile Ester-based Phase Change Materials Synthesis for Enhanced Energy Storage Toward Battery Thermal Management.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, NO. 1 DAXUE ROAD, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
With the increasing demand for thermal management, phase change materials (PCMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their unique advantages in energy storage and temperature regulation. However, traditional PCMs present challenges in modification, with commonly used physical methods facing stability and compatibility issues. This study introduces a simple and effective chemical method by synthesizing seven ester-based PCMs through chemical reactions involving lauric acid (LA) and seven different alcohols.
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