Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Anticancer Response of InO/RGO Nanocomposites Prepared by a Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Process.

The incorporation of graphene with metal oxide has been widely explored in various fields, including energy storage devices, optical applications, biomedical applications, and water remediation. This research aimed to assess the impact of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) doping on the photocatalytic and anticancer properties of InO nanoparticles. Pure and InO/RGO nanocomposites were effectively synthesized using the single-step microwave hydrothermal process. XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, XPS, Raman, UV-Vis, and PL spectroscopy were carefully utilized to characterize the prepared samples. XRD data showed that synthesized InO nanoparticles had high crystallinity with a decreased crystal size after RGO doping. TEM and SEM images revealed that the InO NPs were spherical and uniformly embedded onto the surface of RGO sheets. Elemental analysis of InO/RGO NC confirmed the presence of In, O, and C without impurities. Raman analysis indicated the successful fabrication of InO onto the RGO surface. Uv-Vis analysis showed that the band gap energy was changed with RGO addition. Raman spectra confirmed that InO nanoparticles were successfully anchored onto the RGO sheet. PL results indicated that the prepared InO/RGO NCs can be applied to enhance photocatalytic activity and biomedical applications. In the degradation experiment, InO/RGO NCs exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to that of pure InO. The degradation efficiency of InO/RGO NCs for MB dye was up to 90%. Biological data revealed that the cytotoxicity effect of InO/RGO NCs was higher than InO NPs in human colorectal (HCT116) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells. Importantly, the InO/RGO NCs exhibited better biocompatibility against human normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). All the results suggest that RGO addition improves the photocatalytic and anticancer activity of InO NPs. This study highlights the potential of InO/RGO NCs as an efficient photocatalyst and therapeutic material for water remediation and biomedicine.