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A BCG kill switch strain protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice and non-human primates with improved safety and immunogenicity.
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Improved vaccination strategies for tuberculosis are needed. Intravenous (i.v.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtection against tuberculosis by vaccination of secreted chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) combined with a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide, Poly6, and alum adjuvants.
Vaccine
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue due to the limited efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, highlighting the need for the development of an improved TB vaccine. In this study, we created a novel TB subunit vaccine consisting of TB-secreted chorismate mutase (TBCM) (Rv1885c) and a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide (Poly6), which elicits Type I interferon responses, both with and without an alum adjuvant. We evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine candidate in an in vivo mouse model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Modular Self-Assembling and Self-Adjuvanting Multiepitope Peptide Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform to Improve the Efficacy and Immunogenicity of BCG.
Small
January 2025
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns & Townsville, QLD, 4878 & 4811, Australia.
After more than a century since its initial development, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Subunit boosters are considered a viable strategy to enhance BCG efficacy, which often wanes in adolescence. While many studies on booster subunit vaccines have concentrated on recombinant proteins, here we developed a novel modular peptide-based subunit vaccine platform that is flexible, cold-chain independent and customizable to diverse circumstances and populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtective effects of BCG vaccination against multibacillary disease, reactions, and disabilities in childhood leprosy: Insights from a retrospective observational study from a tertiary care center in India.
Int J Dermatol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Background And Methods: While leprosy primarily affects adults, childhood leprosy poses unique challenges because of its potential to cause lifelong disabilities and stigma. This is a retrospective record review of all patients aged 15 or below, diagnosed with leprosy, who were registered at the leprosy clinic of our tertiary care center from June 2014 to December 2023.
Results: As per hospital records, 1083 leprosy cases were registered at our center during the study period.
Immune correlates of early clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis household contacts in Indonesia.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Community for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Some individuals, even when heavily exposed to an infectious tuberculosis patient, do not develop a specific T-cell response as measured by interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). This could be explained by an IFN-γ-independent adaptive immune response, or an effective innate host response clearing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) without adaptive immunity. In heavily exposed Indonesian tuberculosis household contacts (n = 1347), a persistently IGRA negative status was associated with presence of a BCG scar, and - especially among those with a BCG scar - with altered innate immune cells dynamics, higher heterologous (Escherichia coli-induced) proinflammatory cytokine production, and higher inflammatory proteins in the IGRA mitogen tube.
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