Attending to Variable Interpretations of Assessment Science and Practice.

: The way educators think about the nature of competence, the approaches one selects for the assessment of competence, what generated data implies, and what counts as good assessment now involve broader and more diverse . Broadening philosophical positions in assessment has educators applying different to similar assessment concepts. As a result, what is claimed through assessment, including what counts as quality, can be different for each of us despite using similar activities and language. This is leading to some uncertainty on how to proceed or worse, provides opportunities for questioning the legitimacy of any assessment activity or outcome. While some debate in assessment is inevitable, most have been philosophical positions (e.g., how best to minimize error), whereas newer debates are happening philosophical positions (e.g., whether error is a useful concept). As new ways of approaching assessment have emerged, the interpretive nature of underlying philosophical positions has not been sufficiently attended to. : We illustrate of assessment in action by: (a) summarizing the current health professions assessment context from a philosophical perspective as a way of describing its evolution; (b) demonstrating implications in practice using two examples (i.e., analysis of assessment work and validity claims); and (c) examining to demonstrate how even within specific philosophical positions opportunities for variable interpretations still exist. : Our concern is not that assessment designers and users have different assumptions, but that practically, educators may unknowingly (or insidiously) apply different assumptions, and methodological and interpretive norms, and subsequently settle on different views on what serves as quality assessment even for the same assessment program or event. With the state of assessment in health professions in flux, we conclude by calling for a philosophically explicit approach to assessment, and underscore assessment as, fundamentally, an interpretive process - one which demands the careful elucidation of philosophical assumptions to promote understanding and ultimately defensibility of assessment processes and outcomes.