Climate warming has been suggested to impact high latitude grasslands severely, potentially causing considerable carbon (C) losses from soil. Warming can also stimulate nitrogen (N) turnover, but it is largely unclear whether and how altered N availability impacts belowground C dynamics. Even less is known about the individual and interactive effects of warming and N availability on the fate of recently photosynthesized C in soil. On a 10-year geothermal warming gradient in Iceland, we studied the effects of soil warming and N addition on CO fluxes and the fate of recently photosynthesized C through CO flux measurements and a CO pulse-labeling experiment. Under warming, ecosystem respiration exceeded maximum gross primary productivity, causing increased net CO emissions. N addition treatments revealed that, surprisingly, the plants in the warmed soil were N limited, which constrained primary productivity and decreased recently assimilated C in shoots and roots. In soil, microbes were increasingly C limited under warming and increased microbial uptake of recent C. Soil respiration was increased by warming and was fueled by increased belowground inputs and turnover of recently photosynthesized C. Our findings suggest that a decade of warming seemed to have induced a N limitation in plants and a C limitation by soil microbes. This caused a decrease in net ecosystem CO uptake and accelerated the respiratory release of photosynthesized C, which decreased the C sequestration potential of the grassland. Our study highlights the importance of belowground C allocation and C-N interactions in the C dynamics of subarctic ecosystems in a warmer world.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16851 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717.
Climate-driven changes in high-elevation forest distribution and reductions in snow and ice cover have major implications for ecosystems and global water security. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of the Rocky Mountains (United States), recent melting of a high-elevation (3,091 m asl) ice patch exposed a mature stand of whitebark pine () trees, located ~180 m in elevation above modern treeline, that date to the mid-Holocene (c. 5,950 to 5,440 cal y BP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
The boreal forest biome is warming four times faster than the global average. Changes so far are moderate, but time lags in responses may transiently maintain forest states which are no longer supported by current environmental conditions. Here, we explore whether tree cover dynamics hint at the state to which the biome may be shifting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
CO mineralization, a process where CO reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates, presents a sustainable approach for CO sequestration and mitigation of global warming. While the crucial role of water in regulating CO mineralization efficiency is widely acknowledged, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This study employs a combined experimental and atomistic simulation approach to elucidate the intricate mechanisms governing moisture-driven carbonation kinetics of calcium-bearing minerals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Traditional window glazing, with inherently adverse energy-efficient optical properties, leads to colossal energy losses. Energy-saving glass requires a customized optical design for different climate zones. Compared with the widely researched radiative cooling technology which is preferable to be used in low-altitude hot regions; conversely in high-latitude cold regions, high solar transmittance (T) and low mid-infrared thermal emissivity (ε) are the key characteristics of high-performance radiative warming window glass, while the current low-emissivity (low-e) glass is far from ideal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Psychiatry
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The global community is currently facing a pressing challenge posed by climate change, which is profoundly impacting both human life and biodiversity. This encompasses issues such as rising global temperatures, heightened sea levels, amplified ultraviolet radiation exposure, more frequent and intense natural calamities, and the subsequent health risks. Additionally, mental health is also being impacted by these environmental changes.
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